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Atmospheric pollution is the second environmental ageing factor after UV radiation — and the least protected against by standard skincare routines. PM2.5 and PM10 particles, PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and surface ozone are the most studied components. The mechanisms: oxidative stress, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation, skin inflammation and depletion of endogenous vitamin E.
What Pollution Particles Do to Skin
PM2.5 particles (diameter less than 2.5 microns) are smaller than skin pores and can penetrate the hair follicle. Once in skin:
- Generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage membrane lipids, proteins and DNA
- Activate the AhR receptor, which regulates melanin production — contributing to urban spots and hyperpigmentation
- Degrade collagen and elastin via metalloproteinases
- Unbalance the skin microbiome
Vitamin C neutralises free radicals generated by pollution before they damage collagen. Applied in the morning before SPF, it creates the most effective double antioxidant barrier available.
Vitamin C Serum →The Anti-Pollution Protocol
Morning: vitamin C → mineral SPF (double oxidative + physical barrier)
Night: mandatory double cleanse (oil + gel) — remove particles adhered to skin + day's sebum → prebiotic → repair actives
2–3x/week: lactic acid to eliminate particles accumulated on the surface
Why Evening Cleansing Is More Critical in Cities
In urban areas, PM particle accumulation over sebum and SPF during the day creates a film that — if not properly removed — stays in contact with skin for 8 hours of sleep. Gel cleanser alone doesn't remove these particles adhered to sebaceous lipids. The oil-based first phase of double cleansing is mandatory.
The Prebiotic Mist at midday rebalances the microbiome disturbed by pollution accumulated between the morning and evening routine.
Prebiotic Facial Mist →